Presbyterian Churches

Presbyterian churches follow the Reformed theological tradition of John Calvin and John Knox, emphasizing God's sovereignty, the authority of Scripture, and governance by elected elders (presbyters). They are known for intellectual rigor and orderly worship.

Founded: 1560s in Scotland through John Knox; established in America in the 1700s

Governance: Presbyterian (rule by elders) — Governed at multiple levels: the local session (elders), the regional presbytery, the synod, and the general assembly. Pastors and elders share authority equally.

• Sovereignty of God in all things
• Reformed theology (Calvinist tradition)
• Authority of Scripture guided by historic confessions (Westminster Standards)
• Election and predestination as expressions of God's grace
• Covenant theology connecting Old and New Testaments

Orderly, Word-centered worship with a strong emphasis on preaching and Scripture reading. Services may include traditional hymns, responsive readings, and formal prayers. Some congregations incorporate contemporary elements.