Catholic Churches

The Catholic Church is the largest Christian church worldwide, with a continuous tradition tracing back to the apostles. Catholic faith centers on the sacraments, sacred tradition alongside Scripture, and the teaching authority of the Pope and bishops.

Founded: Traces its origins to Jesus Christ and the apostles in the 1st century; organized papacy from early centuries

Governance: Episcopal (hierarchical) — Hierarchical structure led by the Pope in Rome, with cardinals, archbishops, bishops, and priests. Each diocese is led by a bishop, each parish by a priest.

• Scripture and Sacred Tradition as equal sources of authority
• Seven sacraments as means of grace
• Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist (transubstantiation)
• Authority of the Pope and Magisterium (teaching office)
• Veneration of Mary and the saints
• Salvation through faith and works cooperating with grace

Liturgical worship centered on the Mass, following a set order of readings, prayers, and the Eucharist. Services follow the liturgical calendar with seasonal vestments and rituals.